Analysing 4 Short Horror Story Openings Essay Example

Analysing 4 Short Horror Story Openings Essay In this piece of coursework, I am going to analyse 4 Horror Story openings. The first is The Signalman by Charles Dickens. It tells the story of a man who comes across a seemingly normal railway cutting with a mysterious story to tell. The second is The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe. The main character, who is seemingly mad, has a grudge against an old man because of his vulture eye and this drives him to take drastic action. For the third story, there is The Landlady by Roald Dahl in which the main character is taken victim by a seemingly harmless Landlady of a small guesthouse. Lastly, there is All But Empty by Graham Greene. In this story the writer finds a man in a cinema with a puzzling and inexplicable tale. The settings for all of the stories openings have something in common to link them together. The Signalman uses very atmospheric words to describe the cutting, its surroundings and the time of day. The actual cutting is described as extremely deep and unusually precipitate. These words give the reader the feeling that the cutting is forbidding and uninviting to the narrator/writer. The time of day that the opening is set is mid-evening, just as the sun is setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysing 4 Short Horror Story Openings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysing 4 Short Horror Story Openings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysing 4 Short Horror Story Openings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This also has its part to play in the mood of the opening. The writer describes the cutting steeped in the glow of an angry sunset. The word angry brings up the colour red which is associated with danger. When the writer is making his way down to the cutting he gives vivid descriptions like clammy stone, zigzag path and oozier and wetter. These words as well as adding to the feeling of unwelcomeness, paint a picture of wetness and cold. Upon reaching the cutting, he describes the tunnel. He uses word like gloomier and massive architecture. Its greatness is made to make the writer feel small and insignificant. He also describes the tunnel by saying, there was a barbarous, depressing and forbidding air. So little sunlight ever found its way to this spot, that it had an earthy deadly smell; so much cold wind rushed through it, that it struck chill to me, as if I had left the natural world. Again the word forbidding shows the unwelcome feeling. The cutting is described as a Great Dungeon with a dripping wet wall of jagged stone excluding all view but a strip of sky. This shows that the cutting is secluded from all view. This adds to the effect that the cutting is a dark place, which has secrets to hide from the outside world. The first setting that is portrayed in The Tell-Tale Heart is when the writer is planning the murder of the old man and his vulture eye. The beginning is set at midnight, which is thought of as dark and quiet which makes it mysterious and secretive. The old mans room is described as being black as pitch with the thick darkness. It also says that the shutters were shut through fear of robbers. This shows that the old man is afraid. The darkness gives a feeling of seclusion. The Tell-Tale Heart links with The Signalman in this respect. After the old man hears the writer sneaking around the door of his room, he lets out a groan of mortal terror. The description of this moan adds to the scary atmosphere of the opening, which is building up to the murder. When he opens the lantern to look at the old mans eye, he does it ever so cautiously so a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider shot from out the crevice and fell upon the vulture eye. This shows with how much care he carried out all the deeds leading up to the murder. Then the writer says, Their came a low dull quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. This shows that the writers senses are more alert than usual and he is on edge about the whole venture. Roald Dahl first sets the scene in The landlady by describing the time and the weather. He says that it was about nine oclock in the evening and the moon was coming out of a clear starry sky. This indicates that it was dark and we associate darkness with eeriness and it gives the reader and unwelcome feeling. It also says that the air was deadly cold and it was like a flat blade of ice on his cheeks. The word blade suggests sharp and hurtful. Cold gives a feeling of isolation to the reader and adds to the feeling of mysteriousness. The street is described as wide with only a tall line of houses on each side, all of them identical. The Landlady here links with The Signalman and the massive architecture of the tunnel. The tallness of the houses is included to make the character look and feel small. The houses are described as being once upon a time, very swanky residences. The houses are obviously now old and neglected. This is hinted at when it says but now, even in the darkness, he could see that the paint was peeling from the woodwork on their doors and windows, and that the handsome white facades were cracked and blotchy from neglect. It also says that all houses are identical. This means that nothing stands out or is appealing in anyway. This tells the reader that the area is dull and drab and makes it seem it has been neglected. When he first catches a glimpse of the bed and breakfast it says, Suddenly, in a downstairs window brilliantly illuminated by a street light not 6 yards away This means that the house appealed to him and stood out in one way or another and this add to the mystery of the opening. The inside of the house is described as being warm and welcoming. This contrasts with the other stories in which the place was unwelcoming and unfriendly. The writer of All But Empty portrays the cinema as an empty place. He says it had almost invariable, total emptiness. This links with The Signalman and The Landlady in this respect because it makes the reader think of the isolation the main character must be feeling. The music that is playing in the film he describes as blurred metallic music. This makes the film seem as if it is of no consequence and he is not really watching it. This shows that the mans mind is somewhere else. He also describes the air as being stale which adds to the old feeling that we get right from the beginning. We tend to think of old things as being mysterious and this adds to the opening. In The Signalman, a lot of questions are raised as to the secretive nature of the main character. One of the questions raised is why doesnt the signalman answer when the writer, stood on top of the cliff, talks to him? It is obvious for the reader that he is confused in some way but it still leaves the question as to why and what is confused or worried about? This is shown when the writer writes instead of looking up to where I stood on top of the steep cutting nearly over his head, he turned himself about and looked down the line. This makes the reader question what the signalman is unsure about. When the writer finally gets down into the cutting and he starts to talk to the signalman, the signalman just looks straight past him and looks at the mouth of the tunnel instead. It is clear that there is something about the man that is puzzling him in someway although it is unclear until further on in the story when he says I am troubled. This makes the reader want to read on to find out what he is troubled about. Throughout the time that the signalman and writer are talking, the signalman keeps looking at the warning bell as though expecting it to ring: -he twice broke off with a fallen colour, turned his face towards the little bell when it did not ring, opened the door of the hut, and looked out towards the red light near the mouth of the tunnel. This shows that he appears to be waiting for something to happen, but what? As the writer is about to leave, the signalman tells him that he is troubled but feels unable to talk about those troubles to him at that moment. He tells him to come back tomorrow night and he will tell him then. It is plain that he is feeling slightly pressured then and this gives the reader an insight into his thoughts at that time. In the story of The Tell-Tale Heart questions are asked about a lot of the aspects of the opening. Firstly, why does the writer deny being mad? This story depicts a man who is obviously mad because of the way he acts. What is so annoying about the old mans eye that drives him to kill him? He describes the eye as resembling that of a vulture-a pale blue eye, with a film over it. He then goes on to say that whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold. The eye obviously made him uneasy in some way because the phrase my blood ran cold we usually associate with terror or horror. When he is preparing for the murder, why does it take him so long to enter the bedroom and open the lamp to see inside? Why does he carry out all the procedures with such care and for such a long time? He says he did this for eight nights before killing the old man. He also says it took me an hour to place my head within the opening. This makes the reader feel that he obviously feels very strongly about his cause otherwise he would not be so patient towards it and encourages them to wonder why the old mans eye could be driving him to eventually kill him. The landlady raises many questions in the opening. One of the first is why does the Bed and Breakfast sign appear three times to Billy as he looks in the window of the boarding house? Dahl includes this to show how attractive the bed and breakfast is against the coldness of the outside and the other apparently derelict houses. When Billy Weaver rings the bell on the front door of the house, it is said by Dahl that, This dame was like a jack-in-a-box. He pressed the bell and out she popped! This makes the reader wonder why she was so eager and make them immediately aware that there is something strange about the house. In the fourth story, All but empty, the writer, Graham Greene, raises lots of questions concerned with the old man and the cinema. The writer says he very often visits an old cinema but why? He describes the cinema as having almost invariable, almost total emptiness but why would someone want to visit a desolate old cinema? When the Old Man enters the cinema he chooses to sit next to the man but why as there were plenty of other seats available? The writer says, He tried to get past me, though he had the whole cinema to choose from. This encourages the reader to think that the old man has a secret that he would like to share with someone. Each of the stories shares some common aspect that makes a successful horror story opening. Every story uses night or darkness to show that they have a dark meaning. The Signalman is set around sunset that has an angry glow. This acts, as a warning as to what is about to happen to the unfortunate Signalman. The bedroom in The Tell-Tale Heart, while the writer is looking in on the old man as he sleeps, is described as being black as pitch with the thick darkness, and this shows the reader that the old man is completely innocent and unable to see what is about to happen to him. Another similarity between all of the stories is the way in which the writers have described the victims. They are portrayed as someone who is innocent and unaware of their fate. Billy Weaver in The Landlady is described as 17 and that it is his first time in Bath. This makes him sound innocent and vulnerable. Sounds also play a large part in the stories. The Signalman has a part where the train comes from out of the tunnel: Just then there came a vague vibration in the earth and air, quickly changing into a violent pulsation. This perhaps is a forewarning to the sudden death that the signalman is about to meet. The way in which the stories are written is perhaps the biggest impact on how the stories make the reader feel. Charles Dickens has written the story so that there is not much dialogue in the beginning maybe showing that the two characters find it hard to communicate with each other. Edgar Allen-Poe uses a dramatic amount of punctuation in The Tell-Tale Heart to make the reader realise how the killer is talking. The sentences are disjointed with lots of exclamation marks e. g. True! -nervous-very, very dreadfully nervous. This is added to make the reader know how he is feeling.

Children of Abraham †World Religion Essay

Children of Abraham – World Religion Essay Free Online Research Papers Children of Abraham World Religion Essay Bruce Feiler is a journalist and author of several books, including Abraham: a Journey to the Heart of Three Faiths and Walking the Bible. His books explore Abraham, the common patriarch of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Abraham was born sometime between 2100- 1500BCE southeast of present day Baghdad. His given name was Avram and later changed by God to Avraham or as we spell it Abraham. His new name meant the father of a throng of nations†. His wife also changed her name from Sarai to Sarah. The new names that each of them were given were meant to be an expression of praise for a new status they had gained and a level reached. They were also meant as blessings for what should come in their futures. At 75 years old God spoke to him to Abraham telling him that he will I will make of you a great nation. All of the families of the earth will bless themselves by you. As it reads in Geneses 22 this is when God chooses Abraham and Abraham chooses God. Abraham turned his back on idol worship, which was the current religious practice of the day and chose to worship only one God. Abraham and his wife Sarah moved to what is now the considered the West Bank where God told them they would have a child. Abraham, 99 at this time and Sarah in her 90’s gave birth to Isaac who later give birth Jacob. Jacob was considered the first Israelite. Abraham already had a son Ishmael from Hagar, an Egyptian slave. Muslims believe Ishmael to be their direct link to Abraham. An early Christian belief was that all people could become a child of Abraham only later would they become more exclusive in their belief. Bruce Feiler, was a traveler and journalist before he became fascinated with the middle east. Not in search of a spiritual quest but as simply modern news interest linked directly to the events of 9-11. Feiler went to Israel and was amazed that he could experience the places and events of scripture are still able to be experienced. As a non-practicing Jew this seemed to hit Feiler with a connection to his own past and the various rituals he had been involved throughout his youth. Suddenly they had more meaning. The bible was suddenly a living breathing story that anyone could go and experience. After 9-11 the news media hyped the events with stories entitled â€Å"Who are they?† and â€Å"Why do they hate us?†. Feiler thought that Abraham could be a figure that could unite us all but what happened is that he found 250 different Abrahams. All religions try to make Abraham him into their religion or their icon. He gives many examples of how different religions have claimed that their rituals have come from Abraham and often times giving associated date; however Abraham was not born at the time they claim. So more or less a game is being played to try and outdate other groups. Abraham is the center of the greatest feud in the history of the world, particularly of our time. So much so that Bob Dylan and Louis Armstrong both wrote hit songs that tell the epic stories. God, Politics, and Land are defining stories of the Hebrew bible and the Qur’an. This discussion is happening here. A lot of people who are believers get the connection with land. However most westerner’s miss these stories when we read holy text as simply metaphor. However those native to the land carry those places inside of them and what happens there affects them at the core. In the end it is important to remember that this is a family feud that affects us all and that Abraham is central to us all, even if it is just the idea of Abraham. The idea that God chose Abraham and that Abraham chose God seems to be a very important theme because we as individuals can accept Abraham without accepting the religions that have twisted his life for their own needs. Abraham is fully human and fully apart of us. Research Papers on Children of Abraham - World Religion EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMind TravelQuebec and Canada

Servise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Servise - Essay Example The discipline of service thinking involves an understanding of various disciplines way of handling customer service issues with a blend of different interdisciplinary methods and tools. This involves tools and methods from the traditional service thinking, the current thinking and going beyond. Service thinking offers organization with new ways of thinking apart from depending solely on the academic disciplines. Instead, service thinking integrates both the necessary academic and professional together with the application of set service design and thinking (Moote, 2008). The main objective of this approach to service provision is to ensure the best customer experience that provides mutual benefit to both the service providers and the end users of the services offered. Service thinking appreciates the interdisciplinary relationship that aims at integrating the customers and the producers throughout the service process (Bettencoat, 2011). For an effective and efficient service provisi on, some chronological steps of service delivery have to be observed. The steps include; first understanding who the customers are, make visualizations about the service and what it can deliver, understand how the service will flow, design the project including all the relevant resources, and lastly deploy the service. According to the article, one of the major motivators for organizations and firms to adopt the service thinking in their marketing strategies is the speed and the scale of labor migrations. Service thinking and design have the ability to expand revenues fetched by a firm. Service thinking has also proven to be one of the economic fuels by ensuring production of quality services and putting up high levels of productivity. Services are one of the fundamentals in the worldwide business competition dome. Through good service provision that enhances high customer satisfaction, organizations are able to build competitive advantage over their competitors. However, the author of the article acknowledges some of the challenges of building a systematic service innovation as the nature of services being multidisciplinary, the incorporation across technology, social, business and customer innovations. It is evident how services have raised the revenues for companies due to service provision and revenues of the organization in general. Services are more paying if well rendered to the customers. Giving an example of two competing hotels adjacent to each other, with the same products, at the same price in the same quantity, and of the same quality, customers may be observed to prefer one to the other despite of the similarities. The question is what makes a customer prefer one hotel to the other, yet they have similar products at similar prices. The most possible answer to this question is the service difference in the two hotels. One hotel may have friendly waiters than the other, may be it may be serving its meals in a more appealing designing compared to th e other hotel, and may be one hotel has more attractive seat arrangement compared to its competitor. Such service provision has made organizations gain more competitive advantage over their competitors not necessarily as a result of the products produced but how customers are served, and the services customers can get apart from the product itself. The economy worldwide is

Ebola virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Ebola virus - Essay Example Nevertheless, the recent outbreaks have involved major towns and rural areas mostly in various parts of West Africa according to CDC (2014). Conversely, the EVD background can be traced back in the 1976 simultaneously in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as an acute and fatal illness if untreated. However, the countries that have been severely affected are those with weak health systems and inadequate human and infrastructural resources according to Feldmann & Feldmann (2013). However, since the Ebola Virus Disease transmission, symptoms and prevention and control is of international public health emergency concern according to the World Health Organization (WHO) community engagement and early supportive care are the most central points of controlling the Ebola outbreaks. It is worth understanding that, no licensed Ebola vaccines have been recently been registered, but potential clinical candidates are undergoing examination and evaluation (Filippone, 2013). Analysis presented in this paper is helpful in understanding the background, the causative agent of classification, structure, replication, as well as transmission. The paper uncovers the epidemiological statistics of Ebola virus diseases in relation to the clinical manifestation, preference and the laboratory strategies used in the disease identification according to Roddy et al. (2012). Similarly, the paper demonstrate realistically the preventive and treatment measures are exploiting the past, current and the future outlook of the Ebola Virus Disease. Lastly a conclusion and recommendation is given illustrating various adaptive mechanisms that can be done to in the epidemic-prone area to be successful prepared in handling the EVD and communication before it can widely spread (Lister, 2014). Ebola virus as the causative agent for the Ebola Virus Disease

The influence of leadership of developing effective life-long learning Essay

The influence of leadership of developing effective life-long learning experience for me - Essay Example In addition, the unit serves as a major basis for me to build new skills, (the most important being leadership skill) that other modules/units in my degree program may not have given me the opportunity to develop. For instance, I was able to identify a leader whom I admire, the themes/leadership qualities that enabled the leader to attain outstanding success in this area of endeavour and how I can emulate those qualities in my own personal development. I wish to evaluate how directly and indirectly their lives have influenced my circumstances as well as personality.In furtherance of the skills developed, I am able to adopt a critical thinking approach to several areas of my life, reflecting and constantly assessing my life to ensure continuous development/growth. I am able to challenge myself as an individual as well as my intellect and nurture my inbuilt abilities to bring out the leader in me.In the light of my continuous wish to excel in life, it is very important to state my back ground as well as early influences in life that induced a source of motivation in me to work hard in order to accomplish tasks towards success. My name is Mukaila Adegoke, born on 15th February 1962 in Iwo, the Osun State of Nigeria. This was the era when President John F Kennedy established his office as 35th president of the USA and gave a major input in the history of civil rights. President John F Kennedy pressurized the government authorities and organizations to provide work for African Americans equivalent to Britain Civil Service.

Counselling Rape Survivors

Counselling Rape Survivors According to the Home Office findings, Rape is defined as ‘forced to have sexual intercourse (Vaginal or anal penetration)’. The legal definition stipulates it to be ‘penile’. In general terms, rape is an act of aggression and violence against another; it is not an act of sex but is one of specifically dominance and power. Key points of the findings of the Research, Development andStatistics directorate of the Home Office published in 2002 are listedbelow. 0.4% of women aged 16 to 59 in England and Wales said they hadbeen raped in the year preceding the 2000 BCS, an estimated 61,000victims. 0.9% of women said they had been subject to some form ofsexual victimization (including rape) in this period. Around 1 in 20women (4.9%) said they had been raped since age 16, an estimated 754,000 victims. About 1 in 10 women (9.7%) said they had experiencedsome form of sexual victimisation (including rape) since age 16. Age is the biggest risk factor for experiencing sexual victimisation; women aged 16 to 24 were more likely to say they had been sexually victimised in the last year than older women. Women are most likely tobe sexually attacked by men they know in some way, most often partners(32%) or acquaintances (22%). Current partners (at the time of theattack) were responsible for 45% of rapes reported to the survey.Strangers were responsible for only 8% of rapes reported to the survey.18% of incidents of sexual victimisation reported to the survey came to the attention of the police; the police came to know about 20% of rapes. 32% of women who reported rape were ‘very satisfied’ with theway the police handled the matter, 22% were very dissatisfied. Lessthan two-thirds (60%) of female rape victims were prepared toself-classify their experience as ‘rape’ and less than three-quarters(70%) of women who self-classified themselves as having been victims of ‘attempted r ape’. Amnesty international reported that there were 14,000 recorded rapesin 2003 and 11,441 recorded rapes in 2002, representing a 8% increase.According to the Home Office, in the year ending March 2003, the totalnumber of sexual offences recorded by police in England Wales was 48,654, a 17% rise over the previous year. A victim of rape feels the fight or flight response that humans have built-in; which means that when the incident is over, one is leftwith a feeling of devastation, exhaustion, confusion, sadness, etc. The lingering psychological disorder is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The most effective therapeutic approach for long-term,severe PSTD appears to be talking treatment sessions with a clinicalpsychologist, in which the person is encouraged to talk through theirexperiences in detail. This may involve behavioural or cognitivetherapeutic approaches. Antidepressants may also be prescribed torelieve concurrent depression, a common feature in survivors, andenable the person to get the most out of any psychological treatment.Counselling may be helpful too in the early stages of recovery,particularly from counsellors experienced in the treatment of PTSD. Before we go into detail on counselling for rape survivors, it is essential to take into account the effectiveness of counselling in general. According to the Department of Health (2001), Counselling hasbeen defined as â€Å" a systematic process which gives individuals anopportunity to explore, discover and clarify ways of living moreresourcefully, with a greater sense of well-being †. The use ofcounselling as a means of responding to people in distress and turmoilhas been increasing rapidly in recent years. This has generated adebate on the effectiveness of counselling process itself. The methodsof evaluation of effectiveness is also highly controversial. Theconcerns in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation is discussed indetail later. Bondi summarises from her reports on controlled trials conducted inhealth care settings. They seem to indicate that counselling is aneffective intervention, clinically and economically. Its costs andbenefits are broadly comparable to those of antidepressant medication. Moreover, it seems to be a popular choice with many patients. Cautionis sometimes attached to the results of these trials. This may be dueto the fact that it only involves a small trial when compared to thelarge trial group of medication. Studies of counselling in othersettings indicate a high level of satisfaction among clients. Bondialso writes that there is good evidence to suggest that counselling hasa capacity to reduce demand on psychiatric services. This is becausecounselling prevents less serious problems from becoming more seriousand helps people to maintain reasonably good levels of mental health. Choice of treatment of survivors of rape has been one of increasing significance within health care and also highlights the need toconsider factors other than clinical and cost-effectiveness.Counselling is not the only form of talking treatment available. Otherforms of talking treatment include psychotherapy, cognitive behaviourtherapy, self-help groups and support groups. Counselling attaches a great significance to the autonomy of the victim and therefore it cannot be administered to the unwilling. The success of counselling, therefore, depends on active participation. For counsellingof rape victims, feelings caused by abuse may be quite overwhelming and difficult to deal with. The Department of Health (2001) has recommended counselling as one of the types of psychological therapy for depression, anxiety, panic disorder, social anxiety and phobias andpost traumatic disorders. These problems can be mainly related tosurvivors of rape. The National Center for Victims of Crime (2004) recommends that counselling can help cope with the physical and emotional reactions to the sexual assault or rape, as well as provide necessary information about medical and criminal justice system procedures. According to the reports by the Brunel University (2005) on sexual abuse and rape, sharing experiences in a safe, understanding and confidential setting may help to manage their feelings by being heard and taken seriously.   Counselling enables to make sense of the present, in relation to the past.   Some survivors of sexual abuse maybe plagued by memories in the form of distressing flashbacks, mental images or nightmares.   Talking about the images and memories while being heard and supported will often ease the problem.   It may beeasier to share incidents and feelings with a professional counsellorconfidential, rather than a friend. Some people prefer to talk to ahelpline so they do not have to face the person they are disclosing to.    According to Bondi’s summary of her studies on the effectiveness ofcounselling that sceptics often voice doubts of counselling because itappears to involve nothing other than one (or two people) â€Å"chatting† toa counsellor. However, in spite of these doubts, communication takesplace when counselling is effected, whereby a special kind ofrelationship is developed between the counsellor and the victim. Bondiattributes this to the fact that human beings are social creaturescapable of connecting with others. It is worth to note that allapproaches to counselling share a commitment to apply insights andunderstandings about the importance of these connections to offertherapeutically effective relationships. Impacts of counselling on rape survivors often depends on the development of a helpful working relationship between the counsellor and survivor.   According to the STAR findings, some women feel nervous and unenthusiastic about seeing a counsellor. Therefore, it is essential that they feel relaxed and comfortable to be able to talk freely. Setting up of a pace comfortable for the victim is important as it recognises the interlinked nature of people’s lives (Skinner andTaylor,   Home Office report 51/04).   According to Bernes (2005), effective counselling leading to a good counsellor-victim relationship follows the following dynamics. They are an emotionally charged, confiding relationship between the patient and therapist; warmth, support and attention from the therapist in a healing setting; a positive therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist; a new rationale or conceptual scheme offered with confidence by the therapist; the passage of time; installation of hope and expectancy and finally techniques consistent with patient expectation and efficacy. Common process strategies in counselling include gathering sufficient information, listening well and with understanding, helping the individual reflect and gain insight, helping in decision-making and goal setting, and providing options and ideas for client consideration (Korhonen). According to the Home Office reports on the STAR scheme, the data collected from the survey did not give any indications that anyone counselling technique works better than another.   Methods likedrawing or making lists of feelings, events, concerns and workingthrough them were found to be effective by some rape survivors. Some found making plans for the future, for example, symbolic moves such aschanging the dà ©cor of the room seemed to indicate a new phase in their lives.   Others indicated that a flexible integrated approach with respect, a respectful politeness, support and even the smiling face of the counsellors seemedto have helped them. The need for administering couna respectful, supportive and caring environment is also essential. Also, them cope development of a programme of work that enabled them to look at themselves in a logical, positive and respective manner athem cope with their emotions and move forward at their own pace is essential. The university of Dundee has introduced a computer counsellingtechnique called ‘ENHANCE’ for rape victims. Often, women who have been raped find it hard to talk about their feelings and research evidence shows that in sensitive and potentially embarrassing areas of human functioning, some people may find it easier to talk openly to acomputer. ENHANCE,   a computer based facility which includes a diaryfacility for free writing, a visualisation tool to describe feelingsand graphic manipulation and exploration, an information base to accessa range of supportive information, leaflets and contacts and the optionof what to destroy or save it for later reference. Further work is being done to develop ENHANCE and the researchers feel that their workcan be transferred to other agencies in future. Furthermore, it is inan early stage to be assessed for effectiveness. Computer counselling is, therefore, new and brings to attention to the fact there is very few online support avail able for rape survivors. This can be a good sourceof data for qualitative research as it reduces some of its ethical risks which are discussed in detail later.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very difficult to assess the effectiveness of counselling forrape survivors as due to the dilemmas in relation to the ethicalpractises of counselling, training and qualifications of counsellors and the evaluation of counselling and little published information.Counselling services are offered in a wide range of settings, which influences the kind of outcomes (Bondi). Bondi, in her review ofdifferent counselling orientations writes that similar effects may beusually reported. This is consistent with the argument that it is thequality of the therapeutic relationships offered by the counsellorswhich determine the effectiveness of counselling.   Effectiveness of rape counselling can be studied by either qualitativeor quantitative research. McLeod (2000) reports from his paperpresented at the 8th Annual International Counselling, University of Durham that counselling in Britain at the beginning of the twenty-first century does not have a clear vision of the role of research. It is worth mentioning that very few studies have focussed on research methods to measure effectiveness of counselling for rape victims. McLeod also reports that, in general, published studies of counsellingand therapy in dominated by quantitative research like up to 95%. Ingeneral, cultural assumptions are concerned with the development ofmethods that are valid and reliable.   Quantitative research reduceshuman experience and action to variables. Hypothesis are framed interms of the relationships between these variables, which can often beinterpreted a rational voice allowing no expression of feeling orpersonal experience (McLoad, 2000).   There has been no reports  relating to quantitative research on counselling for rape. Qualitative research has been used lately in the health care settingsand voluntary organisation for rape survivors. Qualitative research refers to research conducted in an interpretive or critical tradition. Research conducted in this tradition generally includes ethnographies, naturalistic observation or intensive interviewing studies, and usessome type of content analysis of words or texts to generate themes, which summarize the results of the study. The goals of qualitative research are not usually to generalize from the findings to some largertruth, but rather to explore or generate truths for the particular sample of individuals studied or to generate new theories. There is often an emphasis in qualitative research on perception or livedexperience.  There   are quite a few ethical concerns in qualitative research of assessing the effectiveness of counselling of rape victims.   Knapik (2002)in his paper summarises the ethical concerns of qualitative researchwhich mainly rev olve around an assessment of benefit versus harm,confidentiality, duality of roles, and informed consent   It is oftenassumed that qualitative data does not involve physical manipulation orintrusive procedures on victims. But it can pose certain risks to the victims.   Moleski and Kiselica (2005) highlight the dangers of a dual or multiplerelationships between the counsellor and victim. During research involving in-depth interviews or focus group discussions on such asensitive as rape, the researcher (generally a counsellor, but called aresearcher in this context as the data collected is for the purposes of qualitative research) develops a relationship of trust with the victim. The relationship may be misinterpreted by the participant as atherapist-client relationship. The data may be interpreted in waysunflattering or damaging to participants. It is therefore important toassess the harms and benefits in dealing with real clients. Secondly, risks to individuals participating in qualitative researchmay often not be anticipated. This is because the method and researchquestions are always evolving and changing from the various organisation’s approach to the case. These risks should be made clearto the participants from the beginning and also du ring the course ofthe experiment. Thirdly and most importantly, qualitative research   always generatesquestions on the ability to protect confidential information. Usually, names and personal data are excluded from published results, but quotations, cues from the publications can always identify theparticipant to those familiar with the research. Reasons for this maybe because of the nature of sensitivity of the rape abuse problem,  trial groups always being small and trials being conducted in smallcommunity structures. Reports were published by the Home Office on the ‘STAR young person project’ on assessing the counselling services offered to rape survivors. Young women primarily had a positive counselling experiencebut a small number reported some level of dissatisfaction.   One of the reasons were the short sessions of counselling, as they could not continue working with their counsellors on a long term basis. This indicated the issue of assess to a restricted number of sessions.  Another issue was the pace at which information is disclosed to thecounsellor, as a small percentage of the women disliked gettingstraight to the information or having to answer questions pertaining tothe incidents within a shorter period of contact between the victim andthe counsellor. This may be because a certain time span is needed toestablish a counsellor-victim relationship which varies from case tocase and depends on the severity of the case.       Another small percentage of the STAR participants felt that the counsellor was not equipped to work with areas of the case and thatthey were given unhelpful advise or irrelevant information or help in away which was not the one suited for the particular case. This throwslight on the training issues of counsellors, whether they are properly equipped for the job. Another percentage of the women, said that thecounsellor disapproved of them being late or related issues whichindicate an over-protective or over-controlling issue which can causenegative impacts on the counselling experience. The findings indicatethe need for a more flexible approach during counselling experiences, longer-term counselling and support by the counsellor, proper trainingfor counsellors and more research into counselling methods and theirevaluation.   According to the findings of the British Crime Survey (2002), it isdifficult to assess the level of support for victims of rape due to the small number of victims in year 2001. Also, the British Crime Survey(2002) reports that support services are under-funded, relative tosupport services dedicated to victims of domestic violence. In UK, therapy services for rape survivors are available from charity andlistening services, health services provided by the universities forstudents, NHS and   few religious movements.   In the NHS, there areusually long waiting lists sometimes up to a year for patients toaccess counsellor services. In voluntary and charity services there maynot always be round-the clock assistance for rape survivors. Telephone access is restricted to certain times of the day.   Findings of research on women rape victims are available in a varietyof forms and from a variety of places. Professional journals such as Violence Against Women, the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Aggression Violence Behavior, Violence Victims, and the Journal of Family Violence include research conducted by psychologists, social workers, sociologists, advocates, and others. In addition to professional journals, findings of research are presented at domesticviolence conferences, described in the popular press, found on websites devoted to ending violence against women, and are available aspublications from government agencies like the Home Office, UK orprivate research organizations (various voluntary organisation’swebsites). Research reports published in scientific journals are subject to peer-review.   Research published in scientific journals thus gives thereader some confidence in the scientific credibility of the researchfindings. Scientific credibility, however, does not necessarily meanthat the findings represent â€Å"the truth†. Research released directlyfrom an organization sponsoring the research does not usually gothrough the peer review process. So there is a real need for independent qualitative research into the counselling services for rape victims in the UK. The UK Home Office should actively engage inindependent evaluation of counselling services for rape victims. The STAR project recommendations the following for future research. There is need for piloting and evaluating peer support systems. New research projects into contexts and circumstances of rape is requiredto throw new light on the academic and practitioner’s knowledge. More research is needed into the needs of victims from internet supportservices while reviewing the current internet support service toprovide guidelines for practise. More creative approaches in regards toservices for survivors were also required. It is also recommended that counsellors be given appropriate training to improve the services to rape survivors. According to Bernes (2005), there are five critical components forbecoming an effective counsellor. The counsellor should have aprofound, genuine and early draw to the field, a profound and genuinefascination to try to understand human nature, cognitive ability, arigorous and quality academic program and major field exposure. There is therefore a genuine need for efforts to be focussed in creating effective counsellors to deal with rape victims. More funding to develop therapy services is required. There is a need to establish infrastructure towards organisations involved in treatmentand care of victims. Further research into the effective processes ofvarious approaches of counselling is recommended. Detailed research isneeded into the qualitative analysis of effectiveness of thecounselling processes. Also, independent qualitative analysis in victimsupport is needed to verify the results. In general, in the UK, counselling for rape survivors have still a long way to go.

Personal Narrative- My Dream Essay examples -- Personal Narrative Writ

Personal Narrative- My Dream I picture myself center stage in the most enormous and fantastically beautiful theater in the world. Its walls and ceilings are covered in impeccable Victorian paintings of angels in the sky. A single ray of light shines down upon my face, shining through the still, silent darkness, and all attention is on me and me alone. The theater is a packed house; however, my audience is not that of human beings, but rather the angels from the paintings on the walls come alive, sitting intently in the rows of plush seats. Their warmth encompasses my body, and I know at that moment that it is time to begin. I open my mouth. From deep inside my soul a melody flows out of my chest, off of my tongue, and finally caresses my lips with the sweetest touch, and my song fills the air with a boldness like that of the glory of the angels. The sound of my song is that of unfathomable wonder, a voice as sweet and smooth as the face of a child. I sing and sing and sing my heart out, and I wonder and wonder and wonder in awe of the sound that is coming from my mouth and my...

A Worn Path Short Story Research Paper Essay

Many obstacles can be taken when one desired the most is at risk. Phoenix Jackson is an old woman who has the right intentions, but meets many conflicts on the way. In the short story, â€Å"A Worn Path†, Eudora Welty predicts that one never knows where a path will end up leading them through conflict and symbolism. Phoenix Jackson warns that one never knows where a path will end up leading to. In the short story â€Å"a Worn Path†, Phoenix Jackson goes through many obstacles on the path to find medicine for her â€Å"grandson† (Welty). Phoenix is on a mission to retrieve treatment for her grandson. She is willing to face anything that gets in the way of her path leading to her destination. As Phoenix faces her journey she will reach conflicts beyond the way. While on the path to complete her mission phoenix stumbles upon many conflicts. In the short story â€Å"a Worn Path†, Phoenix comes encounter with intimidation of a â€Å"young hunter† in the woods (Heller). The hunter tests the old lady of weakness as he boasts of himself throughout the scavenged woods. Although the hunter has a gun with any possible chance to use it on Phoenix, she resembles courage upon the conflict for going about her business and continuing about her quest. In the short story â€Å"a Worn Path†, old woman Phoenix struggled up a hill â€Å"extricate[ed] herself from a thorn bush†, and crossed a log over a creek (Piwinski). As the woman struggles to get out of the bush she chooses to not give up and continue forward her path. The woods may have brought conflict and obstacles to Phoenix, but that won’t stop her from reaching the end of her journey.

Renaissance King Francis I of France

Renaissance King Francis I of France King Francis I was also known as Francis of Angoulà ªme (in French, Franà §ois dAngoulà ªme) King Francis I was known for His sponsorship of the arts; he has been called Frances first Renaissance King. Francis is also known for his bitter rivalry with Emperor Charles V. Occupations and Role in Society KingMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence France Important Dates Born: Sept. 12, 1494Crowned: Jan. 1, 1515Cloth of Gold Meeting Ends: June 24, 1520Treaty of Madrid ends imprisonment: Jan. 14, 1526Captured at Battle of Pavia: Feb. 24, 1525Died: March 31, 1547 About Francis I Known as Francis of Angoulà ªme (in French, Franà §ois dAngoulà ªme) until he succeeded his cousin at age 20, Francis was a passionate, intelligent, chivalrous knight who loved life. His trusting nature made him a poor politician, but he nevertheless saw success as a conqueror and a peacemaker before the accession of his bitter rival, Emperor Charles V, made his life and reign a tragedy. Late in his reign, Francis wish to diffuse the fanaticism of Reformation conflict was overrun by his staunchly Catholic ministers, and France became the site of severe persecutions of Protestants. As a young man, Francis was also a humanist and sponsor of the arts, and is sometimes considered Frances first Renaissance King. He supported and encouraged many fine artists, among them Leonardo da Vinci, who died at Cloux (now called le Clos-Lucà ©), the summer residence of the French king.

Self-government essays

Self-government essays They were our children. And we owe them a debt. We owe them the dignity, the courtesy, of instilling their lives with meaning. We owe them the promise that we will not let despair engulf us, that we will keep looking for solutions-not magic bullets that will solve event problems overnight, but concrete steps to improve the lives of young Aboriginal people, from coast to coast. Natives such as the Inuit, Metis, First Nation, and Aboriginal people across Canada have been negotiating with the federal government over resources, land claims and conservation of traditional cultural activities. Native Chiefs who are the representatives of the native people stated that their unfairly treated people are facing with high unemployment, hopeless poverty, alcoholism and substance abuse and increase of suicide rates because of language, culture and prosperity of non-natives. Many believe that by having self-government, the natives would regain some control over their own conditions and restore their pride and freedom. Today the issue of self-government, for aboriginal peoples, is one of cultural survival as a distinct people. Self-government will allow the preservation of traditional cultural activities, provide self-worth along with power and dignity and stop problems with the non-native. The idea of self-government has always been with aboriginal peoples in Canada. Nowadays, the power held by First Nations has instead been handed down by Ottawa and given approval by various provincial authorities. However, First Nations claim they do not need this kind of permission from these various levels of government, as the right to self-determination has always been theirs. Because of this attitude or belief, there had been many fights and arguments between the aboriginal people and the non-native people. Native people hunt and fish without license, in other words, break the rules such as not allowed to fish in a given season. Of course, t...

International Trade 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Trade 1 - Essay Example United States Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service (USDA’s ERS) report says that during the period 2000 to 2004 the world economy grew from $39190 billion to $43363 billion. (www.ers.usda.gov). WTO report says that the Asian region recorded an export growth of 14.5 in 2004. Real merchandise imports in South America grew by 18.5 per cent, which was twice as fast as world trade in 2004. Africa’s trade expanded strongly in 2004. North America’s export recovery, which started in 2003, gained momentum in 2004. The enlargement process of the European Union towards the east fostered an integration process between central and Eastern Europe resulting in sharp rise in intra – industry exchanges, e.g. automobiles. The GDP growth of Asia more than doubled from 2.37 percent in 2001 to 5.42 percent in 2004. Thus, growth of an economy automatically increases the economic components like exports and trade The major chunk of merchandise trading, after oil, around the globe happens in iron and steel, ores, non-ferrous metals and fuels. The growth of this sector also contributes to the growth of global trade. Historically the US has been the major importer of iron and steel, ores and non-ferrous metals. The growth in real estate and construction industry fuelled this need for iron and steel. Being the largest manufacturer of goods also made the US the largest consumer of non-ferrous metals like copper and aluminium. With the emergence of China, the consumption of non-ferrous base metals has gone up drastically. Chinese imports of the metals have increased to extent, where the demand has overshot the production. This increased the prices of base metals like copper. The price of copper in the London Exchange in April 2000 was around $ 1600 per metric tonne and in April 2004 it was around $2200 per metric

Global Humanitarian Assistance of UAE Research Paper

Global Humanitarian Assistance of UAE - Research Paper Example Abu Dhabi serves as the capital of the United Arab Emirates thus making it the center of the state’s political, industrial and cultural activities. In terms of governance, the United Arab Emirates is a Federal Monarchy while its political system draws its formation from the state’s constitution of 1971, which consists of several intricately related governing bodies (United Arab Emirates Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2012). In essence, the United Arab Emirates is neither a constitutional monarchy nor a republic as the rulers of each monarchy, emirate, retain supreme power within their emirates but a single president retains supreme power over the entire United Arab Emirates. The emirs of the seven emirates choose one of their members to serve as the president of the entire federation, but the chosen emir retains the monarchial character of the individual emirate he heads. In light of this dispensation, the constitution of the United Arab Emirates solely addresses the relations between the emirates and does not impose a constitutional system of governance. Economically, the United Arab Emirates has an open economy, which boasts of a high per capita income and a sizeable annual trade surplus. The economy of the United Arab Emirates is as well one of the most developed economies in Western Asia with a comparatively high Human Development Index. With the world’s seventh largest oil reserves and the world’s seventh largest reserves of natural gas resources, the United Arab Emirates has a relatively high economy. This strong economic potential has influenced the states increased participation in the delivery of global humanitarian assistance. In this regard, the United Arab Emirates is a major donor of emergency relief to nations affected by conflicts as well as naturals disasters in developing countries. In light of this, this paper seeks to addresses the global humanitarian assistance of the United Arab Emirates expressing the extent to which the United Arab Emirates has engaged in issuing humanitarian assistance across the globe. Global humanitarian assistance of the United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is a renowned contributor of global humanitaria n aid having translated its global development and humanitarian aid into an instrument of foreign policy. The philosophy underlying this development is the Islamic belief that helping those in need is a primary duty. Consequently, the United Arab Emirates as well believes that part of its wealth derived from oil and gas resources ought to be dedicated to assisting less providential countries and individuals. In light of this, the World Bank in 2010 recognized the United Arab Emirates as one of the world’s most bighearted contributors to global foreign aid. Global Humanitarian Assistance, an organization that scrutinizes the distribution of charitable aid from governments, in its 2010 report included the United Arab Emirates as the first non-European nation in the international top 10 humanitarian aid donors per head of population. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as well recognized the United Arab Emirates as the fourteenth most generous donor in the globe (Suryatapa, 2010). In essence, the United Arab Emirates is a renowned contributor in global humanitarian aid having undertaken massive humanitarian aid projects in the developing world. The provision of global humanit